Electric heater



E. 0. FREDERICS.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION man AUG-2. 1921 .Z'fgi L @512 m 11 J1 J2 INl-IWJQR 4% ,BY m WZWDL ATF'MfNEY.

Patented Aug. 22, 1922.

shown in Figure 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERNEST O. FREDERICS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGINOR TO E. FREDERICS; OF

NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.-

ELECTRIC HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Pate t d A 22 192% Application filed August 2, 1921. Serial 1T0. 489,211.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERNEST O. F REDER ICS, residin at New York, in the county and State of l\ew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in an Electric Heater, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electric heaters,

and more particularly to an electric heater adapted for what is known as permanent hair waving.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a heater adapted for the above purpose, which is neat, compact, and of such construction that the cables or leading-in wires are so attached to the heater that they do ,not interfere with the use of the latter, and are moreover, firmly attached to the heater.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a heater of the above type improved means for connecting the cables or leadingin wires with the resistance wire, which is employed as a heating element for the heater.

. Another object of the invention is 'to provide a heater of the above character, which is so constructed that thereis extremely little possibility of the same becoming deranged or disordered through use.

Other objects and aims ofthe invention,

.more or les specific than those referred to above, will be in part obvious and in part pointed out in the course of the following departly in section, showing the interior construction of the heater; and

Figure 3 is a view, partly in section and partly in elevation, said view bein taken at right angles to the position of the eater, as

Similar reference characters refer to simi-- la'rparts throughout the several views in the drawing.

Before proceeding with a description of' circuited while in operation upon .the hair of v the head of a human being, such short-circuiting will not only blow out the fuses, and

render all the devices inoperative, but there will be a great possibility of burning or 0th erwise 1n ur1ng the hair being treated. To this and other ends, some of which will be mentioned in the course of the following deicritpat on, I have designed my improved ea r.

1' Referring now to the drawings, the refer- I ence numeral 1 denotes a cylindricallv formed shell having an outer cylindrically formed shell or casing 2, said parts being preferably spun or pressed together, as at 3 and 4, to provide a substantially integral structure. Positionedu'pon-the shell 1, is a layer of insulatlng material 5, such for instance as mica, about which is wound the resistance or heatin wire 6, the latter being-preferably forme of one of the nickel-chrome alloys.

Before the resistance wire is wound about the casing, however, there. is provided at both ends, as at 7 and 8, of the casing, a plurality of windings of relatively strong wire, preferably brass, said wire being posltroned upon the layer of insulating materlal, and the free ends of said wire'being twlsted together, as at 9 and 10, so that the wlndlngs thereof are positioned tightly upon the casing and interposed insulating material.

Positioned upon the layer of resistance wire is a second layer of insulating material 11, so that the resistance wire is interposed between two layers of insulating material, the latter being preferably formed of sheet mica. Located exteriorly of said second layer of insulating material is a sheet of insulating and heat resistance material 12, such for instance asasbestos, the construction being such that the twisted ends of the wires 7 and 8 lie between the heat resistance material 12,'and the outer layer of insulatin material 11,.as clearly shown in Figure3 o the drawing.

The resistance or heating wire 6 is attached to the wires 7 and 8 by being woven or zigzagged across the latter, entirely around the circumference thereof, so that there are several points of contact between said resistance wire and the fixed end wire.

This construction is of great advantage by reason of the fact that as hitherto constructed great difficulty has been experienced by connecting the leading-in wires with the resistance wires, inasmuch as the former is a 'very strong construction, and the latter is a Thus it will be seen that the leading-in wires are firmly attached to the wires and 8, which are in effect circular terminals, and no mechanical stress whatever is put upon the resistance wire, which as above described,has at either end several points of electric contact with the said terminals 7 and 8.

Reference numeral 15 denotes the handle of the device, said handle being formed of a metallic rod preferably forked shaped as shown, and also preferably offset as at 16 and 17, so that the offset end 18-is substantially parallel with the-bore of he heater.

The reference numeral 19 denotes the rod. 40

The cable 20 has one of its strands extending downieach of the legs of the forkedshaped handle, and eachstrand is firmly bound .to said legs and to the upper end 18.

Any suitable means may be employed to fasten the strands of the cable to the legs and upper end of the metallic rod which forms the handle, such for instance as as-' bestos twine, or a. plastic insulating composition may be employed in this relation, if desired. v a

c The rod which forms-the handle is preferably anchored in the outwardly extending.

flange of the inner shellor cylinder-1.

It will accordingly be seen that I have provided, among others, a construction well adapted to attain all the ends and objects above pointed out, in a very efiicient manner.

The heater is compact, and if'desired, may

be slightly tapered toward its lower end, as at 21, so that a greater number of heaters may be used upon the bead.

Hav ng thus (described my invention what I claim as new and desire to Secure Let- :tB S EW J 1. In an electric heater, in combination, a

cylindrically formed metallic shell a covering of insulating-material thereon, a

core member, a plurality of terminal members encircling said core, and insulated therefrom, one of said terminal members being positioned adjacent each end of said core, a resistance wire positioned about said core, each end of said resistance wire having several points of contact with one of said terminal members, and a pair of leading-in wires, each of which, is connected with one of said terminal'members. I

2. In a device of the class described, a cylindrically formed metallic shell, having a covering of insulating material positioned thereon, a plurality of wires wound about said. shell, the oppositeends of each wire being fastened to each ,other, each of said wires being positioned adjacent one of the ends of said shell, a resistance wire wound about said shell, each end of said resistance wire having several points of engagement with said aforementioned wires, and a pair of leading-in wires, each of which is connected with oneof said first mentioned wires.

3. In an electric heater, in combination, a-core member, a plurality of terminal members encirclin said core and insulated therefrom, each 0 said terminal members being composed of one or more windings of relatively heavy wire, and one of said terminal members being located adjacent each endof said core, a resistance wire positioned about said core, .and at each end thereof having several points of contact with the terminal members, and a pair of leading-in wires, each of which is connected with one of said terminal members.

4. In an electric heater, in combination, acore member, a plurality of terminal mem '-bers encircling said core and insulated thercform, one .of said terminal members being positioned adjacent each end of said core, a resistance wire positioned about said core, each end of said resistance wire having several oints of contact with one of said termina members, and each end thereof being connected thereto, a handle extending I from said core, and a pair of leading-in wires fastened to saidhandle, and'having their ends connected with said termlnal.

5r In a device of the class described, a

plurality of relative y heavy wires wound about saidshell, the opposite ends of each wire being fastened to each other so that each .wire is permanentl positioned upon said shell, and each o said wiresjbein positioned adjacent one of the ends .ofsaid shell, :Lresistance wire wound about the insulatingmaterial upon saidshell,

said resistance wire adjacent each end' thereof having several points of engagement with the aforementioned relatively heavy wires, a handle comprising a pair of legs,

joined at their upper ends, extending from positioned said shell, and, a cable comprising a pair of leading-in wires, each wire of which is bound to one leg of said handle, each leading-in wire beingconnected to one of said rela tively heavy wires, a covering "of insulating material positioned upon said resistance wire, and a casing forming a covering for said shell, and the resistance wire an insulating material mounted thereon.

6. In an electric heater, in combination, a core member, comprising a cylindrically formed shell, havin a covering of insulating material ,positione thereon, a plurality of wires wound about said shell and the insulating material thereon, adjacent each end thereof, the opposite ends of each of said.

wires being fastened together, a resistance wire, each end of which is disposed upon one of said first mentioned wires in zi -zag fashion, so as to have several points 0 contact therewith, and each end of said resistance wire being connected with one of said first mentioned wires.

7. In an electric heater, in combination, a core member, comprising a cylindrically formed shell, having a covering of insulating material positioned thereon, a-plurality of wires wound about said shell and the insulating material thereon, adjacent each end thereof, the opposite ends of each of said wires being fastened to ether, a resistance wire, each endof whic is disposed upon one of said first mentioned wire in zig-zag fashion, so as to have several points of contact therewith," and each end of said resistance wire being connected with one of said the first mentioned wires, a handle comprising a pair of metallic legs joined together at their outer ends fastened to said core, and a cable comprising a pair of wires each of which is bound to one leg of said handle, each wire being connected to one of said first mentioned wires.

8. In an electric heater, in combination, a core member, comprising a cylindrically formed shell, having a covering of insulating material positioned thereon, a plurality of wires wound about said shell and the insulating material thereon, adjacent each end thereof, the ends of each wire being fastened to each other, a resistance wire, each end of which is disposed upon one of said first mentioned wires in zig-zag fashion, so as to have several points of contact therewith, andeach end of said resistance wire bei connected withone of said first mentione wires, a handle comprisingva pair of metallic legs joined together at their outer ends fastened to said core, and a cable comprising a pair of wires each of which is boundto one leg of said handle, each wire being (3011-. nected to one of said first mentioned wires, a metallic shell fastened about said core and insulating material disposed between said shell, said resistance wire and said first named wires. In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

' ERNEST O. FREDERICS.

Witnesses:

EMMA WEINBERG, IRVING A. HAMER; 

